What is an Indian? This question was asked of a group of American Indian children at Anderson Elementary School in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Their answers were quite interesting and very disturbing.  In this circle of black, brown and blondish hair...of black, brown, green, blue and hazel eyes...of wiry, curly, kinky and  straight hair...they were very percent-of-blood oriented.  From 15/32 to 1/4 to 1/2 they were calling out their individual percents - that is until they began to laugh.  Yes, it is ridiculous, especially when one child was asked to point to the half of him that was Indian and the half that wasn't!

Is this form of identifying our identity shared by other peoples?  When did we ever hear a Jew declare he was half Jewish?  What makes a Jew a Jew is his religion and culture.

 Walter Peck and Thomas Sanders, American Indian authors, explained it this way:

To define the American Indian is as impossible as it is to define the Jew - for many of the same reasons.  A Jew knows he is a Jew because he recognized himself within the framework of a historical-cultural setting that allows him identity. The Native American, the Indian, the Navajo - call him what you will - knows he is an Indian because of the mystic tie to the land, the dim memory of his people's literature that has been denied him, the awareness of his relationship to Sakoiatisan, Manicou, Auaca, WakanTanka (depending on his being Iroquois, Algonauian, Inca or Souix) somehow all manifest themselves within him and consistently call him back to his ancestors.

 Bill Charfield, elder teacher and historian, agrees with this philosophy.

"My cultural identity makes me what I am.  It is my beliefs that make me Indian."

This brings up an interesting point.  Can an individual be Jewish and Catholic at the same time? 

Can an Indian?  According to Bell, an individual's sacred regard for language, his concept of the Creation and his desire to live in harmony with the natural world need be applied when seeking to define an Indian.

 LaDonna Harris was asked to define an Indian while addressing a college audience,  LaDonna replied, "I cannot define the Indian any more than you can define what you are”.  Different governmental agencies define him by the amount of blood.  I had a Comanche mother and an Irish Father. But I am a Comanche, I'm not Irish. AND I'm not Indian first, “I'm Comanche first”,  Indian second. When a Comanche took in someone, he became Comanche. He wasn't part this, part that.  He was all Comanche or he wasn't Comanche at all.  Blood runs the heart, the heart knows what it is."

 Elizabeth Hallmark, an Ojibwa and director of the Minneapolis American Indian Center: Thinks along these traditional lines; "Just because an individual has a tribal enrollment number entitling him to certain services, does not in my mind, define his person as an Indian. It is the heart of the person that speaks to me. That's where My Indian-ness is - in my heart.

 John (Fire) Lame Deer was one of the great Mineconju-Lakota holy men of our time,

He associated Indian-ness with the heart also. His beliefs in the concepts symbolized in the Pipe identified him as an Indian. He recollected a time in his life when the meaning of the Pipe filled his senses. He stated that at the moment he realized that to truly understand what it meant to be an Indian was to understand the Pipe. He went on to say that even as an old man he was still learning.

  We must ask ourselves then:

What bureaucrat has the right to say who is and who isn't an Indian?  Or who is more of an Indian?

To be an Indian is a way of life, a looking within and feeling a part of all life, an allegiance to, and love for, this earth.  Historically, we as Indians did not judge individuals by the color of their eyes or the color of their hair, but how they conducted themselves and lived their lives. To debase our identity by reducing us to percents of blood is another version of genocide.  To deny our tribal nations the right to traditionally adopt and naturalize citizens is relinquishing our tribal sovereignty.

The last time some of us were required to show papers for proof of blood was when we wanted to breed dogs or horses. The confusion of attempting to define what is Indian will persist in the governmental bureaucracies, but will not be shared by many American Indians who know what they are.

 For many of us, to be Indian is not a heritage granted by legislation, percents of blood of bureaucratic studies, or even by a Tribal community's consideration.

It comes from the heart and the heart knows what it is.

One of the ways we learned was listening to nature and the oral/written literature of the past. Contained within this literature are the values, beliefs and concepts of true Indian-ness.

 It seems that if the traditional American is to remain at all visible and have a voice in the affairs of the People, then traditional thinking American Indians must challenge the bureaucratic system of identifying Indians - if for anyone, for their children and grand-children.